![]() The names assigned to the species of genus Homo are based on their typical characteristics. This was the time, when the earliest species of the genus Homo emerged. New species emerged which were better adapted to drier conditions. This led to gradual extinction of the early forms of Australopithecus. Grasslands expanded at the cost of forests. Temperature and rainfall decreased significantly. There were major changes in climate and vegetation. In turn, it also helped in increasing the brain size.Įffects of Climate Change: The Ice Age began around 2.5 mya. Once hands became free, they could be utilized to make tools. Bipedalism also increased the vision range of Homo species because the eyes were at a higher level. Bipedal walking also helps in conservation of energy because quadruped consumes more energy while walking. In due course of time, upright walking became more efficient. Australopithecus has a smaller brain size, heavier jaws and larger teeth compared to Homo.īipedialism enabled hands to be freed for carrying infants or objects. Australopithecus and Homo are important genera of this family apart from many other genera. Hominidae: All forms of human beings belong to this family. The earliest hominid fossils belong to the genus Australopithecus. In contrast, fossils which have been found outside Africa are no older than 1.8 mya. The earliest hominid fossils have been found in East Africa and date back to about 5.6 mya.It is the group of African apes that are most closely related to hominids. ![]()
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